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[分享]摄影基础知识(网上收集一起学习)

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发表于 2006-8-25 23:02:00 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 | 来自湖北
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">无事贴贴基础知识啊,希望对大家有用,更希望大家能多发图啊.</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">光圈</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">光圈通常位于镜头的中央,它是一个环形,可以控制圆孔的开口大小,控制曝光时光线的亮度。当需要大量的光线来进行曝光时,就将光圈的圆孔开大;若只需要少量光线曝光时,就将圆孔缩小、让少量的光线进入。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">光圈越大,镜头里</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>   </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的叶片开放越大。所谓「最大光圈」,就是叶片毫无动作,让可通过镜</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>   </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">头的光源全部跑进来的全开光圈。反之光圈越小,叶片就收缩的越厉</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>   </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">害,最后可缩小到只剩小小的一个圆点。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">光圈的功能就如同我们人类眼睛的虹蟆</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">瞳孔</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,是用来控制拍摄时单位时间的进光量,一般以f/</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、F</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">或</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">:</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">来标示。以实际而言,较小的f值表示较大的光圈。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">光圈的计算单位我们称为光圈值或者是级数。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>   </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">标准的光圈值(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f-number</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)的编号如下:</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/1.4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/2.8</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/5.6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/8</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/11</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/16</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/22</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/32</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/45</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/64<p></p></font></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">其中,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是进光量最大的光圈号数,光圈值的分母越大,进光量就越小。通常一般镜头会用到的光圈号数为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/2.8</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">~</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/22</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,光圈值越大的镜头,镜片的口径就越大,相对提高其制作成本跟难度。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">级数是指相邻的两个光圈值的曝光量差距,例如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/8</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">跟</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/11</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">之间相差一级,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">跟</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/2.8</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">之间也相差了一级。依此类推,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/8</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">跟</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/16</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">之间相差了两级,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/1.4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">跟</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">f/4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">之间就差了三级。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在每一级(光圈号数)之间,后面号数的进光量都是前面号数的一半。例如说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> f/5.6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的进光量只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> f/4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的一半,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">f/16</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的进光量也只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">f/11</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的一半,号数越后面,进光量越小,并且是以等比级数的方式来递减。</span></font></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-8-26 0:33:52编辑过]
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-25 23:07:00 | 显示全部楼层 | 来自湖北
<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2.</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">快门</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">在每一次拍摄时,光圈的大小控制了光线的进入量、快门的速度决定光线进入的时间长短,这样一次的动作便完成了我们所谓的「曝光」。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">快门是镜头前阻挡光线进来的装置。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">快门以「秒」作为单位,它有一定的数字格式,一般在像机上我们可以见到的快门单位有:</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">B</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">4</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">8</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">15</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">30</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">60</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">125</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">250</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">500</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1000</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2000</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">4000</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">8000.............<p></p></font></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">上面每一个数字单位都是分母,也就是说每一段快门分别是:</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">秒、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/2</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">秒、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/4</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">秒、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/8</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">秒、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/15</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">秒、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/30</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">秒、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/60</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">秒、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/125</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">秒、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/250</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">秒(以下依此列推)等等。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">B</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">指的是慢快门</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">Bulb</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">,</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">B</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">快门的开关时间由操作者自行控制,我们可以藉由快门按钮或是快门线,来决定整个曝光的时间。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">我们可以注意到每一个快门之间数值的差距都是两倍,例如</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/30</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">是</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/60</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">的两倍、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/1000</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">是</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/2000</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">的两倍,这个跟光圈值的级数差距计算都是一样的。与光圈相同,每一段快门之间的差距也被之为一级、一格或是一档。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">光圈级数跟快门级数的进光量其实是相同的,也就是说光圈之间相差一级的进光量,其实就等于快门之间相差一级的进光量,这个观念在计算曝光时很重要,我们会在下一个章节跟大家讲解。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">快门决定了被摄物的「时间」。当我们拍摄一个快速移动的物体时,通常需要比较高速的快门,才可以抓到凝结的画面,所以我们在拍动态的画面时,通常都要考虑可以使用的快门速度。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">有时我们要抓取的画面可能需要连续性的感觉,像是拍摄像是丝缎般的瀑布或是小河时,就必须要用到速度比较慢的快门,延长曝光的时间来抓取画面的连续动作。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\"><font size=\"4\">除了「时间」之外,快门也决定了我们拍摄的稳定度,一般以手持相机拍摄来说,快门必须要高到一个值,拍出来的画面才不会晃动,这个能拍出稳定画面的快门速度,通常称之为「安全快门」。</font></span></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-8-26 0:16:37编辑过]
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-25 23:15:00 | 显示全部楼层 | 来自湖北
<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">3.</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">曝光</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">决定了光圈和快门</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">在你按下快门按钮后</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">就完成了一次曝光</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">.</font></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">在前面我们已经了解了光圈与快门,里面提到光圈每一个号数的差距、跟快门每一个段数的差距,都是称为一级、一格或是一档。不管是光圈或是快门,每一级之间相差的曝光量都是相同的,也就是说:</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">F4</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">跟</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">F5.6</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">相差了一级、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/15s</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">跟</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/30s</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">相差了一级,这两种情况相差的光量是一样的。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">F5.6</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">跟</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">F11</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">相差了两级、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/60s</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">跟</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/250s</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">相差了两级,这两种情况相差的光量也是一样的。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">这样来看,在一个曝光组合决定好之后,还是可以增减光圈跟快门的段数作变化,而不会影响到最后的曝光值</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">(</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">即最后的照片不会变暗或者变亮</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">)</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">,我们来看看下面的例子:</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">假设我们现在测出来一个曝光组合是</span><font face=\"Times New Roman\">
                        </font><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">光圈</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">:F5.6</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">、快门</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/250</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">秒,但是大家想用大光圈获得某种效果,我们可以把它更改成</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">F2.8</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/1000s</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">其中,因为光圈向上前进了两级(</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">F5.6 &gt; F4 &gt; F2.8</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">),所以相对的快门要向后退两级(</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1/250s &lt; 1/500s &lt; 1/1000s</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">)。这两个组合的曝光量其实是相同的,经由这样的计算调整,最后我们可以得到大光圈的拍摄方式、又不会影响到最后的曝光值。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">    大家清楚了光圈和快门的关系</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">,</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">知道自己想要得到某种曝光的效果</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">,</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">就可以相应的调节相机的光圈和快门了</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">..</span></font></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-8-26 0:20:37编辑过]
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-25 23:31:00 | 显示全部楼层 | 来自湖北
<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;\"><font size=\"4\">4.对焦<p></p></font></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;\"><font size=\"4\">一张你认为好的照片<span lang=\"EN-US\">,得要有你想要的曝光和正确的对焦.大家都知道有个词叫\"焦点\",在摄影里头的意思就是一张照片里面最清晰的地方(如果你想拍整张模糊的照片不在此讨论范围).<p></p></span></font></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;\"><font size=\"4\">现在的数码相机都有自动对焦功能<span lang=\"EN-US\">(以前的相机中间有个裂相屏,靠手扭对焦),自动对焦都在你半按快门的时候进行,相机一般以取景器中央为准来进行自动对焦.如果我想一张照片的焦点不在照片的中央,你可以先对着被摄物体半按快门对焦,然后移动相机取景把快门按到低完成摄影.<p></p></span></font></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;\"><font size=\"4\">关于对焦<span lang=\"EN-US\">,各个相机可能会有不同,如严重不同,请参阅说明书....</span></font></span></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-8-26 0:30:33编辑过]
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-25 23:54:00 | 显示全部楼层 | 来自湖北
<p><font size=\"4\">5.焦距<br/>焦距这个东西,三言两语也嚼不清楚.简单点说,焦距越短(广角),相机的视野越大,看的越宽阔.焦距越长(长焦),就相当于望远镜的效果了..我们会看到有人拿着带很长的镜头的相机,搞偷窥很好....</font></p><p><font size=\"4\">焦距以mm(毫米)为单位,一般你的相机镜头上都写着,例子:18mm,50mm,200mm.快去看看你的相机焦距是多少~~:-)</font></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-8-25 23:54:25编辑过]
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-26 00:03:00 | 显示全部楼层 | 来自湖北
<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">6.</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">变焦</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">如果大家一看自己的镜头</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">怎么写的有两个数字呢</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">?<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">  比如说:</span>18mm---80mm<p></p></font></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">你的相机镜头是变焦的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">焦距是在这个范围内可以变化的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">.<p></p></font></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">如果就一个数字</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">比如说</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">18mm,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">那么就是定焦的广角镜头</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">不在此变焦讨论之列</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">如果你想拍街对面的漂亮</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">MM</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">的脸</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">只能走过去啦</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">...<p></p></font></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">通俗点说变焦就是拉近拉远</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">你用望远镜看东西的时候会感觉东西变近了</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">就是这个道理</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">有些场所你不能走近拍</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">如果你有一部带变焦镜头的相机能一下子把远处的景物拉满你的视野</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">就省了很多体力</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">[s:4]<p></p></font></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">常听到数码相机说的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">3</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">倍变焦</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,6</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">倍变焦</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,10</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">倍变焦</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">就是镜头最大焦距和最小焦距的比例</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">.</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">比如说某款镜头是</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">18--70mm</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">的焦距</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">可以理解成</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">70</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">除以</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">18=3.8</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">倍变焦镜头</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">.</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">其实严格来说应该用焦距范围来区别</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">.<p></p></font></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">通常相机会有两个按钮控制变焦</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">一个拉远一个拉近</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">(</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">高档的单反机器变焦是在镜头上</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">不过估计用单反的同志是不会看这些地</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">).</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">相信大家很快可以熟悉</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">.</font></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"> </font></span></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-8-28 12:20:30编辑过]
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-26 00:11:00 | 显示全部楼层 | 来自湖北
<p><font size=\"4\">7.景深</font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\"><font size=\"4\"></font></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\"><font size=\"4\">在进行拍摄时,调节相机镜头,使距离相机一定距离的景物清晰成像的过程,叫做对焦,那个景物所在的点,称为对焦点,因为“清晰”并不是一种绝对的概念,所以,对焦点前(靠近相机)、后一定距离内的景物的成像都可以是清晰的,这个前后范围的总和,就叫做景深,意思是只要在这个范围之内的景物,都能清楚地拍摄到。</font></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">景深的大小,首先与镜头焦距有关,焦距长的镜头,景深小,焦距短的镜头景深大。其次,景深与光圈有关,光圈越小(数值越大,例如</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">f16</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">的光圈比</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">f11</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">的光圈小),景深就越大;光圈越大(数值越小,例如</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">f2.8</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">的光圈大于</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">f5.6</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">)景深就越小。其次,前景深小于后后景深,也就是说,精确对焦之后,对焦点前面只有很短一点距离内的景物能清晰成像,而对焦点后面很长一段距离内的景物,都是清晰的。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">一般</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">DC</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">因</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">CCD</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">面积比较小,焦距也很短,景深都比较大,很难把背景拍模糊,不过也有优点,拍到此一游类纪念照的时候背景很清晰就很好。</span></font></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-8-28 12:16:26编辑过]
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-26 00:43:00 | 显示全部楼层 | 来自湖北
<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">8.ISO</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">曝光指数</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">ISO</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">的学名是曝光指数,在传统银盐胶片中</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">ISO</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">决定了胶片中卤化银转化成银颗粒的反应速度,</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">ISO</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">值越高的胶片转化的速度就越快,反映在我们实际使用中,高</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">ISO</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">值就能降低对拍摄现场光线的要求,或是提高快门速度!一些高</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">ISO</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">值的胶片为了达到高速度它使用的银盐颗粒就比较大,这样照片的颗粒就大,画面品质就反不如低</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">ISO</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">值的胶片。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\"><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">感光度一般用</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">ISO</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">值表示,这个数值大,胶卷对光线的敏感程度就强。不同感光度的胶卷适合于不同场合的拍摄,如</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">ISO100</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">的胶卷最适合于在阳光灿烂的户外进行拍摄,而</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">ISO400</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">的胶卷则可以在室内或清晨、黄昏等光线较弱的环境下拍摄。</span></font></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\"></span></span><font size=\"4\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">DC</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">中由于</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">CCD</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">不像胶片那样是可换的,那么高的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">ISO</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">值就只能通过提高</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">CCD</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\">的灵敏度的达到,由于提高灵敏度以后杂讯的干扰也就越大,那么就不可避免的出现热噪点,画面质量也会下降,这一点跟胶片的规律是一样的……</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">  </span></font></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"></span></font></span><font size=\"4\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">ISO</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">值翻一倍那么它的曝光量就要减到一半,如果在同光圈下</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">ISO100</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">用</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">1/100</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">秒曝光正常,那么</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">ISO200</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">下就只要</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">1/200</span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">秒就可以达到正常曝光了!</span></font></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-8-28 12:04:43编辑过]
 楼主| 发表于 2006-8-26 00:44:00 | 显示全部楼层 | 来自湖北
<p><font size=\"4\">9.白平衡.</font></p><p><font size=\"4\">物体颜色会因投射光线颜色产生改变,在不同光线的场合下拍摄出的照片会有不同的色温。例如以钨丝灯(电灯泡)照明的环境拍出的照片可能偏黄,一般来说,ccd没有办法像人眼一样会自动修正光线的改变。所以通过白平衡的修正,它会按目前画像中图像特质,立即调整整个图像红绿蓝三色的强度,以修正外部光线所造成的误差。有些相机除了设计自动白平衡或特定色温白平衡功能外,也提供手动白平衡调整。</font></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-8-28 12:26:56编辑过]
发表于 2006-8-26 09:34:00 | 显示全部楼层 | 来自湖北
<p><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \'mso-hansi-font-family:\';\"><font size=\"4\">不过估计用单反的同志是不会看这些地</font></span></p><p><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \'mso-hansi-font-family:\';\"><font size=\"4\">是的</font></span></p><p><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \'mso-hansi-font-family:\';\"><font size=\"4\">顶</font></span></p>
发表于 2006-9-8 09:12:00 | 显示全部楼层 | 来自湖北
<p><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \'mso-hansi-font-family:\';\"><font size=\"4\">顶</font></span></p>
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